中文
Izizinda zikawoyela negesi - Zinkulu, ziyabiza futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba.Ngokuya ngendawo yenkundla, isikhathi, izindleko kanye nobunzima bokuqeda isigaba ngasinye kuzohluka.
Isigaba Sokulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo kawoyela negesi, uphenyo olunzulu nokuhlola kubalulekile.Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola izinsiza zikawoyela negesi, ukuhlola i-seismic kuhlanganisa ukuthumela amaza omsindo emadwaleni, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa isidlidlizi sokuzamazama komhlaba (sokuhlola ogwini) noma isibhamu somoya (sokuhlola ogwini).Lapho amaza omsindo engena ekwakhekeni kwamadwala, ingxenye yamandla awo ibonakala yizingqimba zamadwala aqinile, kuyilapho wonke amandla eqhubeka ejula kwezinye izigaba.Amandla abonisiwe adluliselwa emuva futhi arekhodwe.Ngakho abasebenzi abahlolayo baqagela ngokusatshalaliswa kukawoyela ongaphansi komhlaba negesi yemvelo, banqume ubukhulu nezizinda zezindawo zikawoyela negesi, futhi bafunde nesakhiwo sokwakheka komhlaba.Ukwengeza, indawo engaphezulu kanye nezici ezingaba yingozi kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa.
Umjikelezo wempilo wendawo kawoyela negesi ungahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:
Isigaba sokuqala (iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu): Kulesi sigaba, indawo kawoyela negesi isanda kuqala ukukhiqiza, futhi ukukhiqizwa kuyakhula kancane kancane njengoba kwakhiwa imali yokumba nezindawo zokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi se-Plateau: Uma ukukhiqizwa kuzinzile, izinkundla zikawoyela negesi zizongena enkathini yethafa.Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukukhiqizwa kuhlala kuzinzile, futhi lesi sigaba sizohlala iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside uma insimu kawoyela negesi inkulu.
Yenqaba isigaba: Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukukhiqizwa kwezizinda zikawoyela negesi kuqala ukwehla, ngokuvamile ngo-1% kuya ku-10% ngonyaka.Lapho ukukhiqizwa kuphela, kusekhona amanani amakhulu kawoyela negesi asele emhlabathini.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukululama, izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zisebenzisa izindlela zokubuyisela ezithuthukisiwe.Izinkambu zikawoyela zingafinyelela amazinga okuthola kabusha phakathi kuka-5% no-50%, futhi ezinkundleni ezikhiqiza igesi yemvelo kuphela, leli zinga lingaba phezulu (60% kuya ku-80%).
Isigaba sezokuthutha
Lesi sigaba sibandakanya izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanzwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuthuthwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe.Uwoyela ongahluziwe uvamise ukuhanjiswa uyiswe ezimbonini zokucubungula ngamapayipi, imikhumbi noma ezinye izindlela zokuthutha, lapho uphathwa futhi ucutshungulwe ngokufanele futhi ekugcineni ulethwe emakethe.
Ukubaluleka kweamapayipi olwandleenqubweni yezimayini yasensimini kawoyela ayikwazi ukushaywa indiva.Bangakwazi ukuthutha ngempumelelo uwoyela ongahluziwe phakathi kwezindawo ezingasogwini (amapulatifomu, indawo eyodwa, njll.) kanye ne-PLEM engaphansi kolwandle noma amathangi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ukwehliswa nokulahlwa
Lapho izinsiza zomthombo wamafutha ziphela kancane kancane noma umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa uphela, ukuchithwa nokulahlwa komthombo wamafutha kuyodingeka.Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukudilizwa nokuhlanza izindawo zokumba, ukulahlwa kukadoti, nokubuyiselwa kwemvelo.Phakathi nalolu hlelo, imithetho nezimiso zemvelo kumele zibhekwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokulahlwa kwemfucuza ayinawo umthelela omubi emvelweni.
Idethi: 21 May 2024