中文
Uwoyela yigazi eliqhuba intuthuko yezomnotho. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ama-60% amasimu kawoyela negesi asanda kutholakala atholakala ogwini lolwandle. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-40% emithombo kawoyela negesi yomhlaba wonke izogxila ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kukawoyela negesi ogwini lolwandle olujulile nolwandle olukude, izindleko kanye nengozi yokubeka amapayipi okubuyisa uwoyela negesi amabanga amade kuya ngokuya kuphakama. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuxazulula le nkinga ukwakha izikhungo zokucubungula uwoyela negesi olwandle.-I-FPSO
1. Kuyini i-FPSO
(1) Umqondo
I-FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) iyindawo yokugcina nokulayisha imikhiqizo entantayo elwandleiyunithiidivayisi ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa kwamafutha kanye nokukhipha.
(2) Isakhiwo
I-FPSO inezingxenye ezimbili: isakhiwo sezinhlangothi eziphezulu kanye nesiqu
Ibhloko engenhla iqedela ukucutshungulwa kwamafutha angahluziwe, kanti igobolondo linesibopho sokugcina amafutha angahluziwe afanelekile.
(3) Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokubopha, i-FPSO ingahlukaniswa ibe:Indawo Yokubopha Amaphoyinti AmaningifuthiSi-inglePi-ointMukugoqa(I-1965)I-SPM）
2.Izici ze-FPSO
(1) I-FPSO ithola uwoyela, igesi, amanzi kanye nezinye izingxube ezivela emithonjeni yamafutha e-Submarine ngepayipi lamafutha e-Submarine, bese ingxube icutshungulwa ibe uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye negesi yemvelo efanelekile. Imikhiqizo efanelekile igcinwa ekhabini, futhi ngemva kokufinyelela inani elithile, ithuthwa iye ezweni nge-shuttle tanker nge-uhlelo lokuthuthwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe.
(2) Izinzuzo zohlelo lokuthuthukisa oluhlanganisa "i-FPSO+ipulatifomu yokukhiqiza/uhlelo lokukhiqiza olungaphansi kolwandle+i-shuttle tanker":
●Amandla okugcina uwoyela, igesi, amanzi, ukukhiqiza kanye nokucubungula kanye nowoyela ongahluziwe aqinile kakhulu.
●Ukukwazi ukuhamba kahle kakhulu kokunyakaza okusheshayo
●Isebenza kokubili olwandle olungajulile nolujulile, olunokumelana nomoya namagagasi okunamandla
●Ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo, hhayi nje kuphela okungasetshenziswa ngokubambisana namapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, kodwa futhi kungasetshenziswa kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ngaphansi kwamanzi
3. Uhlelo olulungisiwe lwe-FPSO
Njengamanje, izindlela zokubopha ze-FPSO zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:Indawo Yokubopha Amaphoyinti AmaningifuthiSi-inglePi-ointMukugoqa(I-1965)I-SPM）
Iindawo yokubopha enamaphuzu amaningiuhlelo lulungisa i-FPSO ngeabaphangingokusebenzisa amaphuzu amaningi aqinile, okungavimbela ukunyakaza kwe-FPSO eceleni. Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni zolwandle ezinezimo zolwandle ezingcono.
Iindawo yokubopha enephuzu elilodwa(I-1965)I-SPM）uhlelo luwukulungisa i-FPSO endaweni eyodwa yokubopha olwandle. Ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya, amagagasi kanye nemisinga, i-FPSO izojikeleza ngo-360° izungeze eyodwa-indawo yokumaI-SPM）, okunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wamandla kagesi esikebheni. Njengamanje, i-single-indawo yokumaI-SPMIndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi.
Usuku: 03 Mashi 2023