中文
Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa kwamafutha bubhekisela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha uwoyela emasimini kawoyela. Ukuvela kwalobu buchwepheshe kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha kawoyela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela uwoyela buye bakwalele izinto eziningi ezingakaze zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kweamafuthaI-Extraction kodwa futhi yayinemithelela enkulu emvelweni, ezomnotho kanye nenqubomgomo yamandla.
Emkhakheni we-hydrocarbon Production, ukululama kawoyela inqubo ebalulekile inhloso yayo ukukhipha uwoyela noma igesi ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kumachibi agcwele ama-hydrocarbon. Njengoba umjikelezo wokuphila kawoyela uthuthuka kahle,le khasiIzinga lokukhiqizwa livame ukuguquka. Ukuze ulondoloze futhi unwebe umthamo wokukhiqiza we-Well, ukukhuthaza okwengeziwe kokwakheka kuvame ukudingeka. Kuya ngeminyaka ye-The Well,le khasiIzici zokwakheka kanyele khasiIzindleko zokusebenza, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene namasu asetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukile. Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bokuvuselela uwoyela: Ukuvuselelwa kwamafutha okuqala, ukululama kawoyela okwesibili, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamafutha aphezulu, futhi kwaziwa nangokuthi ukululama kawoyela okuthuthukile, eor).
Ukubuyiselwa kwamafutha okuyisisekelo kuncike kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwe-reservoir ukushayela uwoyela emthonjeni. Lapho umfutho we-reservoir wehla futhi awukwazi ukugcina izinga elanele lokukhiqiza, ukululama kawoyela okwesibili kuyaqala. Lesi sigaba ikakhulukazi sibandakanya ukwanda kwengcindezi ye-reservoir ngokusebenzisa umjovo wamanzi noma kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubeke ukucindezela uwoyela ku-Wellhead. Ukuvuselelwa kwamafutha e-Tertiary, noma ukulungiswa kwamafutha okuthuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obunzima ngokwengeziwe obubandakanya ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ukushisa noma umjovo wegesi ukuze ukhuphule ukululama kwamafutha. Lezi zibuchwepheshe zingayikhipha ngempumelelo uwoyela osele ongahluziwe e-reservoir, ethuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha.
● Umjovo wegesi: Ukujova igesi ku-uwoyela reservoir ukushintsha ingcindezi kanye nezinto ezifuzayo ze-reservoir, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaza ukugeleza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamafutha aluhlaza.
● Umjovo weSteam: Waziwa nangokuthi ukululama kawoyela okushisayo, kushisa i-reservoir ngokujova umusi wokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kunciphise ukubonwa kwamafutha, okwenza kube lula ukugeleza. Ilungele ikakhulukazi i-viscosity ephezulu noma ama-reservoirs asindayo kawoyela.
● Umjovo wamakhemikhali: Ngokujova amakhemikhali (njenge-surfactants, ama-polymers kanye ne-alkali), ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe uketshezi lwamafutha aluhlaza, ukunciphisa ukungezwani komafutha obuhluziwe, ukunciphisa ukuthuthuka kwengxabano kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuguqulwa kwengxabano.
● CO2Ukujova: Le yindlela ekhethekile yokujova kagesi, ngokujova i-carbon dioxide, ayikwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ukubonwa kwamafutha, kepha futhi ithuthukise izinga lokutakula ngokwandisa ingcindezi ye-reservoir futhi yehlise ukugcwala uwoyela osele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela nayo inezinzuzo ezithile zemvelo ngoba i-co2ingahle ibekwe ngaphansi komhlaba.
● Ubuchwepheshe be-Plasma Pulse Technology: Lokhu kuwubuchwepheshe obusha obukha i-Plasma ephezulu yamandla okuvuselela i-reservoir, yakha amahlandla, kwandise ukuvezwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kwamafutha aluhlaza. Yize lobu buchwepheshe busesigabeni sokuhlola, kukhombisa amandla okuthuthukisa ukululama ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinhlungu.
Ubuchwepheshe ngakunye kwe-Eor bunezimo zalo ezithile ezisebenzayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko, futhi kuvame ukudingekile ukukhetha indlela efanelekile ngokususelwa ezimeni zendawo yendawo ekhethekile, izakhiwo ze-oyili eqondile nezomnotho. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-eor kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinzuzo zezomnotho zamasimu kawoyela futhi kwandise impilo yokukhiqiza yamasimu kawoyela, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwezinsizakusebenza zamafutha omhlaba.
Usuku: 05 Jul 2024