中文
Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela uwoyela bubhekisela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha uwoyela emasimini kawoyela.Ukuvela kwalobu buchwepheshe kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni kawoyela.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela uwoyela buye benza izinto ezintsha eziningi ezingazange zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kweamafuthaukukhishwa kodwa futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo, umnotho, kanye nenqubomgomo yamandla.
Emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrocarbon, ukutholwa kukawoyela kuyinqubo eyinhloko inhloso yayo kuwukukhipha uwoyela negesi eningi ngangokunokwenzeka kumadamu anothe nge-hydrocarbon.Njengoba umjikelezo wokuphila komthombo kawoyela uqhubeka,iizinga lokukhiqiza livame ukushintsha.Ukuze kugcinwe futhi kunwetshwe umthamo wokukhiqiza womthombo, ukukhuthazwa okwengeziwe kokubunjwa kuvame ukudingeka.Kuya ngeminyaka yomthombo,iizici zokwakheka kanyeiizindleko zokusebenza, izinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe kanye namasu asetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene.Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela uwoyela: ukutholwa kukawoyela okuyisisekelo, ukutholwa kukawoyela kwesibili, kanye nokutholwa kukawoyela okuphakeme (okubuye kwaziwe njengokutholwa kukawoyela okuthuthukisiwe, i-EOR).
Ukutholwa kabusha kukawoyela okuyinhloko kuncike kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwechibi ngokwalo ukushayela uwoyela emthonjeni.Lapho umfutho wechibi wehla futhi ungakwazi ukugcina izinga elanele lokukhiqiza, ukutholwa kukawoyela kwesibili ngokuvamile kuyaqala.Lesi sigaba ngokuyinhloko sihilela ukwanda komfutho we-reservoir ngokusebenzisa amanzi noma umjovo wegesi, ngaleyo ndlela uqhubeke nokuphusha uwoyela emthonjeni.Ukutholwa kukawoyela okusezingeni eliphezulu, noma ukutholwa kukawoyela okuthuthukisiwe, kuwubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu obubandakanya ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ukushisa noma umjovo wegesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kukawoyela.Lobu buchwepheshe bungasusa ngempumelelo uwoyela ongahluziwe osele endaweni yokugcina amanzi, okwenza ngcono kakhulu ukutholwa kukawoyela kukonke.
● Umjovo wegesi: Ukujova igesi endaweni yokugcina uwoyela ukuze ushintshe umfutho noketshezi lwamanzi echibini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe.
● Umjovo wesitimu: Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukubuyiswa kukawoyela oshisayo, ushisisa isigubhu ngokujova isitimu esishisa kakhulu ukuze unciphise i-viscosity kawoyela, okwenza kube lula ukugeleza.Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile kuma-high-viscosity noma ama-reservoirs amafutha asindayo.
● Umjovo wamakhemikhali: Ngokujova amakhemikhali (njengama-surfactants, ama-polymers nama-alkali), izakhiwo ezingokoqobo namakhemikhali kawoyela ongahluziwe zingashintshwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe, kwehliswe ukungezwani phakathi kobuso futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokululama.
● CO2umjovo: Lena indlela ekhethekile yomjovo wegesi okuthi, ngokujova i-carbon dioxide, ingagcini nje ukunciphisa i-viscosity kawoyela, kodwa futhi ithuthukise izinga lokululama ngokwandisa umfutho we-reservoir nokunciphisa ukugcwala kukawoyela ongahluziwe okusele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela nayo inezinzuzo ezithile zemvelo ngoba i-CO2ingathathwa ngaphansi komhlaba.
● Ubuchwepheshe Be-Plasma Pulse: Lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha obukhiqiza ama-pulse e-plasma enamandla amakhulu ukuze kushukumise indawo yokugcina amanzi, kudaleke ukuphuka, ukwandise ukungeneka, kanjalo kuthuthukise ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe.Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe busesesigabeni sokuhlolwa, bubonisa amandla okuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezithile zamachibi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-EOR ngabunye bunezimo zabo eziqondile ezisebenzayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko zenzuzo, futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukukhetha indlela efaneleke kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimweni zegeological zedamu elithile, izakhiwo zikawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nezici zomnotho.Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-EOR kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinzuzo zezomnotho zamasimu kawoyela futhi kwandise ukuphila kokukhiqizwa kwamasimu kawoyela, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemithombo kawoyela yomhlaba wonke.
Idethi: 05 Jul 2024