中文
Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisa uwoyela bubhekisela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha uwoyela emikhakheni kawoyela. Ukuthuthuka kwalobu buchwepheshe kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni kawoyela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisa uwoyela buye babhekana nezinto ezintsha eziningi ezingathuthukisanga nje kuphela ukusebenza kahleuwoyelaukukhipha kodwa futhi kwaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, emnothweni, kanye nenqubomgomo yamandla.
Emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwama-hydrocarbon, ukubuyiswa kwamafutha kuyinqubo ebalulekile enhloso yayo iwukukhipha uwoyela negesi eningi ngangokunokwenzeka emathangini agcwele ama-hydrocarbon. Njengoba umjikelezo wokuphila komthombo wamafutha uqhubeka,iIzinga lokukhiqiza livame ukushintsha. Ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kwandiswe amandla okukhiqiza omthombo, kuvame ukudingeka ukuvuselelwa okwengeziwe kokwakheka kwawo. Kuye ngobudala bomthombo,iizici zokwakheka kanyeiizindleko zokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene kanye namasu asetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bokubuyisa uwoyela: ukubuyisa uwoyela okuyinhloko, ukubuyisa uwoyela wesibili, kanye nokubuyisa uwoyela wesithathu (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukubuyisa uwoyela okuthuthukisiwe, i-EOR).
Ukutholwa kwamafutha okuqala kuncike kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwedamu ukuze kuqhutshwe uwoyela uye esiqongweni somthombo. Lapho ukucindezeleka kwedamu kwehla futhi kungakwazi ukugcina izinga lokukhiqiza elanele, ukutholwa kwamafutha okwesibili kuvame ukuqala. Lesi sigaba sihilela kakhulu ukwandisa ukucindezeleka kwedamu ngokujova ngamanzi noma ngegesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubeke kuqhutshwe uwoyela esiqongweni somthombo. Ukutholwa kwamafutha aphezulu, noma ukutholwa kwamafutha okuthuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu obuhilela ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ukujova ngokushisa noma ngegesi ukuze kwandiswe ukutholwa kwamafutha. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasusa uwoyela ongahluziwe osele esiqongweni somthombo ngempumelelo, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwamafutha.
● Ukujova ngegesi: Ukufaka igesi echibini likawoyela ukuze kushintshwe ingcindezi kanye nezakhiwo zoketshezi zechibi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthazwe ukugeleza nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe.
● Ukujova ngomusi: Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukubuyisa uwoyela oshisayo, kushisa idamu ngokujova ngomusi oshisa kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukujiya kwamafutha, okwenza kube lula ukugeleza. Kufanelekile kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina uwoyela ezinomfutho ophezulu noma ezisindayo.
● Ukujova ngamakhemikhali: Ngokujova ngamakhemikhali (njenge-surfactants, ama-polymers kanye nama-alkali), izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zamafutha angcolile zingashintshwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwamafutha angcolile, kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kobuso kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokululama.
● I-CO2umjovo: Lena indlela ekhethekile yokufaka igesi, ngokufaka i-carbon dioxide, ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha, kodwa futhi ithuthukise izinga lokululama ngokwandisa ingcindezi yendawo yokugcina amanzi nokunciphisa ukugcwala kukawoyela ongahluziwe osele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela inezinzuzo ezithile zemvelo ngoba i-CO22ingavinjelwa ngaphansi komhlaba.
● Ubuchwepheshe bePlasma Pulse: Lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha obukhiqiza ama-plasma pulse anamandla aphezulu ukuze kukhuthazwe i-reservoir, kudalwe ukuqhekeka, kwandiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe busesesigabeni sokuhlola, bubonisa amandla okuthuthukisa ukululama ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-reservoir.
Ubuchwepheshe be-EOR bunezimo zabo ezithile ezisebenzayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko nezinzuzo, futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukukhetha indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimweni zejoloji zedamu elithile, izakhiwo zikawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nezici zezomnotho. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-EOR kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinzuzo zezomnotho zamasimu kawoyela futhi kwandise impilo yokukhiqizwa kwamasimu kawoyela, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemithombo kawoyela yomhlaba wonke.
Usuku: 05 Julayi 2024